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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 THERE'S SOMETHING IN THE WATER THERE'S SOMETHING IN THE WATER Trophozoite Phase Symptoms of infection include Imposes SANCTIONS on: sectors of the Russian Federation Russian ENERGY and DEFENSE FINANCIAL institutions GAZPROM if it withholds gas Cyst Phase cooperation, INTELLIGENCE MILITARY interactions and information exchange. MNNA status details: bit.ly/house5190 Giardia lamblia infections are associated with antigenic variation of the parasite, which is generated by a continuous change of the variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs). Many investigations on the process of antigenic variation were based on the use of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses VSP H7 as its major surface antigen. In the present study, mice were infected with the aforementioned clonal line to investigate vsp gene expression during the complex process of antigenic variation of the parasite. Trophozoites collected from the intestines of individual animals at different time points postinfection (p.i.) were analyzed directly for their vsp gene expression patterns, i.e., without cultivating the recovered parasites in vitro. Giardia Lambia Trophozoites exhibit antigenic variation of an extensive repertoire of cysteine-rich variant-specific surface proteins. Expression is allele specific, and changes in expression from one vsp gene to another have not been associated with sequence alterations or gene rearrangements.The Giardia genome project promises to greatly increase our understanding of this interesting and enigmatic organism. Giardia has a simple life cycle in which it alters betweentwo morphologically and biochemically distinct forms: themotile trophozoites that cause disease by colonizing theupper small intestine of a variety of vertebrates, andthe environmentally resistant and highly infective cysts(Lujan et al., 1997). a binucleated, flagellated protozoan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea and intestinal upset worldwide (Adam, 2001) diarrhea nausea epigastric pain steatorrhea steatorrhea
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