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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Effective Use of Language CONCRE TE CONCI SE FAMILI AR PRECIS E CONSTRUC TIVE APPROPRIAT ELY & SPECIFIC & CLEAR Concrete language includes descriptions which create tangible images with details the reader can visualize; are less open to multiple interpretations. Abstract language is vague and obscure, and does not bring to mind specific visual images; can be interpreted in many possible ways, and leave many questions unanswered. Desired message is expressed in as few words as possible in language that is simplified and to-the-point. The message is likely to have more impact when using language that the readers use regularly, is familiar, and easy to recognise and understand. Language that is unfamiliar to the readers loses its impact as it emphasizes differences between writer and reader. Not long-winded; does not use redundant words which serve no purpose in the sentence. Words can be interpreted in different ways by different people in different situations. The more precise and clear one's use of language becomes, the fewer the number of possible interpretations for a message. Think carefully about the choice of words and their potential interpretations. Constructive language phrases apotentially negative message in a positive way.Destructive language directs blame and criticism toward the reader, creating defensiveness. Destructive language expresses: 1) negative evaluation or judgment of the reader (instead of neutral descriptions or observations), 2) skepticism or doubt about the reader's credibility or the legitimacy of their claims. 3) indifference or apathy about an issue that is important to the reader, 4) command or control over the reader, or 5) superiority over the reader. FORM AL The formality of the language one uses should match the formality of the situation and the relationship between the writer and reader. It can be very formal, formal, or informal, depending upon the reader, the writer's relationship with the reader, and the situation. Prepared by: WiREAD Project Team, National Institute of Education, Singapore Adapted from: http://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/el.htm An important component of critical reading is the ability to evaluate whether the text or author has used language effectively. How do we go about evaluating the effectiveness of language use in text?Here are some questions to consider: Have a look at the visual illustration below to help you better understand each of these dimensions of effective language use. The next time you read a text, think critically about these dimensions of effective language use. Most importantly, learn by discussing your thoughts/responses with your friends on WiREAD. ...concrete and specific (vs vague and abstract)?...concise (vs long-winded and redundant)?...familiar (vs obscure)? ...precise and clear (vs inaccurate or ambiguous)?...constructive (vs destructive)?...appropriately formal (vs too formal or too informal)? To what extent is the language...
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