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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Guitar The is the Acoustic Energetic Instrument How does string tension affect sound waves? When the string of an acoustic guitar is plucked, the guitar string collides with the surrounding air molecules and generates longitudinal pressure waves in the medium. The characteristic feature of longitude waves is determined by the physical properties of the string, such as string tension,width, height, mass, density, material and length. How does string tension affect sound waves? Tension can be described as a pulling force exerted by each end of a one or three-dimensional continuous object (Wikipedia, 2015). If a guitarist wanted to change the tension of a string, he/she would twist the tuning pegs; clockwise to increase tension or anti-clockwise to releasethe tension of the strings (Wikipedia, 2015).If the guitar string has lowermass and higher tension, it would vibrate faster and induces higher sound frequencies in the surrounding air medium than is the case for the string with the higher mass and lower tension. This string would vibrate slowly and induce lower frequencies (Jeremy Bloomstrom, 2004).String tension can be calculated with the formula: Where F is the frequency (measured in hertz, Hz), T is tension (in Newton, N), U is the linear density (the mass per unit length), and L is the length of the vibrating part of the string. In this formula, when the length of the string is shorter, the frequency is increased. This is because molecules in the string are colliding more often which forms shorter wavelengths due to a smaller string distance. Additionally, when the string tension is increased, the frequency is higher due to the restoring force of the string being increased. The greater the restoring force, the greater is the acceleration of the string and thus the faster the string goes through each period. Furthermore, the less dense the string is, the higher the frequency. This is because less denseparticles move faster and are easier to get moving. This formula needs to be rearranged however, because the tension of the guitar string is needed to becalculated and not the frequency, so therefore: F=110Hz U=0.004Kg/m L= 0.65m T=? The answer appears in the unit Newtons; however, tension would make more sense if converted to kilograms. The answer for tension can then be substituted into the formula that calculates the sound wave speed in the guitar string. Doing a qualitative analysis, the waveform of the acoustic guitar in figure 1 has a slight gradual loss of sound propagation over time because of itshigh sound intensity. Compared to the waveform of the musical triangle in figure 3 which has an almost immediate substantial loss of sound propagation due to a low sound intensity. Figure 2 illustrates that the waveform of an acoustic guitar zoomed in is incoherent with continuous fluctuations of the amplitude. This can be contributed to the braces and irregular surfaces withinthe body of an acoustic guitar which refract the soundwaves and cause irregular patterns. Compare this to figure 4 of the musical triangle’s waveform zoomed in which is periodic with a triangle waveform. This is dueto the musical triangle sound waves not refracting off any surfaces.The Figures 1 to 4 were recorded with Audacity. Audacity was chosen over other recording programs such as RecordPad because it’s free to download. When the recordings were recorded, care was taken not to have the laptop speakers at max volume because of potentail damage to the eardrums. What is the waveform of an acoustic guitar like compared to a muscial triangle Therefore, the acoustic guitar is a engeretic instrument. most Fig 5. A Diagram of an acoustic guitar
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