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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Alopecia So the symptoms of this diseaseare:- Patchy Hair loss- Nail problems-widespread hair loss, near baldness.I should have known sooner! So the symptoms of Alopecia are:- Patchy hair loss- widespread hair loss (baldness)- Nail problems- Itching- Loss of color in hair Alopecia is a disease in which hair usually falls off because of the dysfunction of the immune system where it attacks hair follicles that prevents hair growth to further happen. Alopecia is known to be Autoimmune diseaseIts causes are:- Infections - viruses- medical allergies- environmental factors- genetic predisposition - Reduction of blood circulation around hair follicles. Correct Mechanism: The correct mechanism is dihydrotestosterone (DHT)binds with androgen receptor.Cell functions that depend on DHTrely on the availability ofweak androgen, low enzymaticactivity of androgen inactivating enzymes and functionally active AR. High level of DHT is exhibited bythe predisposed scalp and increase of AR. The DHT workswith 5 alpha-reductase as it converts weak androgen to more potent ones. Incorrect Mechanism: The incorrect mechanismleads to Alopeciawhere the affected hairfollicles are gathered by T cell lympocyptes which causes hair loss and preventshair growth. - Androgen Receptor Pathway. i. WNT Signal Mechanism. (Maintain hair-inducing activity)Ligands -> Delta-1, Serrate 1 and Serrate 2 ii. Androgen Receptor - attaches to DHT leading hair loss. iii. As WNT signaling pathway, is made of proteins, it pass signals to the inside of the cell through the cell surface receptors from outside the cell. iv. Organismal response include local stress responses like temperature, radiation mental trauma and chemicals. Cellular response include the damaging epidermal cells like Keratinocytes and Melanocytes. Cell Signaling Pathway: Current Direction of Research: Future treatments using drugs that:- Block the NKGD - activating ligand and NKG2D receptorinteraction- Stop activated T - cells- Modify the inflammatory cytokin network. Greater attention isgiven to the UL 16-bindingprotein (ULBP3) gene clusteras these genes makeNKG2D-activating ligand or the signal, which triggersthe NKG2D receptorthat initiate to anautoimmune response. Hordinsky, MK. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 24 June 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2015. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689246>. Botchkarev, Vladimir A. "Stress and the Hair Follicle: Exploring the Connections." The American Journal of Pathology. American Society for Investigative Pathology, Mar. 2003. Web. 01 Feb. 2015. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1868107/>. TrΓΌeb, RM. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Aug.-Sept. 2002. Web. 01 Feb. 2015. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213548>. "Alopecia Areata - Hair Follicle Antigens in Alopecia Areata." Alopecia Areata - Hair Follicle Antigens in Alopecia Areata. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2015. <http://www.keratin.com/ad/ad039.shtml>. "Alopecia - Hair Loss." - DolceraWiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2015. <https://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Alopecia_-_Hair_Loss>. Sources: - Jasmine Vaidya Bajracharya
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