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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Chapter 31 Infographic WESTERN SOCIOECONOMICS Before Economic Growth After Economic Growth -workers had no property to their name-social divisions well defined -workers became consumers-white-collar sector grew as more people were educated-immigrants did bulk of the unskilled labor-peasants entered the economic and political spheres CHANGES IN THE TRADITIONAL FAMILY STRUCTURE WHY WOMEN BEGAN WORKING -women entered workforce in the world wars-rate of working women fell afterwards, but began to rise consistently in the US, Canada, and western Europeafter the early 1950s-more service jobs=higher demand for employees-desire for consumer products also fueled women’s emergence in the work force proportionally. -by 70s, 44% of the employed were women-usually had clerical jobs with lower wages-gained the right to vote if their country didn’t previously allow it by 1971 (Switzerland was the last of western Europe to grant the vote)-continued schooling through high school, if not college as well-divorces and abortions became more accepted and obtainable-contraceptive pill (60s) allowed for more casual relationships-women began having fewer and fewer children-took on new feminism (began in 1949)-- called for real equality between the sexes and fewer gender roles. double click to change this title text! THE 20th CENTURY WOMAN Employment by Gender (by 1970s) red: femaleblue: male ECONOMIC GROWTH LED TO: Intellectual Culture- immigrated to the United Statesto get away from Europe’s turmoil in the ‘30s and ‘40s-”brain drain”- more European scientists moved to America because universities were wealthier and allowed for more experimentation and research-economics became a strong area of study Art-modern art-people were more open to new styles and techniques in thearts-pop art merged commercial mass culture and art Role of Sex in Society-sex became more casual in pop culture-more premarital sex-Europe expressed sexuality more than America WESTERN CULTUREAND THE EMERGENCE OF POP CULTURE “Coca-cola-nization”-- America’s pop culture was emulated by Europe WESTERN SOCIETY AND CULTURE THE SOVIET EMPIRE -Soviet protectorate in communist North Korea (US had protectorate over South Korea)-sway over communist China-allied with communist Vietnam in 1970s-allied with communist Cuba in 1960s-caught up with American nuclear arms through espionage-world superpower-eastern Europe (except for Greece) was turned into communist regimes by the Soviets. The Soviets aligned with all the new regimes except for Albania and Yugoslavia -5 year plan used for industrialization-Collectivization of agriculture-Soviet military in eastern Europe SOVIET PROJECTS -aristocracy in communist regimes was eradicated-much urban growth-Western culture had less influence-alcoholism-the work force wasn’t motivated to perform well because there were no rewards (consumer items) SOCIETY -propaganda spread fear about the US- justified strict control-Stalin kept the people away from the West’s ideas and people-people were isolated by censorship DOMESTIC POLICY -strictly secular- government was against religion-emphasis on Marxist, scientific orthodoxy-education made children loyal to the Soviet Union and communism CULTURE -economy was controlled by the state- no private enterprises-heavy-manufacturing sector was strongly funded state, but consumer-goods sector was not valued-consumerism was weak because society was mostly poor and state funds went to building military technology (arms race)-factories made for terrible treatment of the environment -more people were employed in agriculture than in the West-economy fell (but the demise was hidden by government) and the USSR fell apart ECONOMY DE-STALINIZATION -Nikita Khrushchev led the USSR after Stalin died. He was against the traditional, heavy power given arbitrarily to a dictator- Stalinism. Not much happened changed, however.-Space Race-When the Cold War slowed down, exposure to the West was allowed U.S.S.R. Stalin's policies prevented the exposure of Western society and culture to the Soviets, making the USSR isolated in both culture and economics -married women had always been a part of the labor force because of the poor economy -typically married women with children intellectual elites -huge emphasis on the sciences However, both vastly different cultures had a few similarities, even though they developed apart from each other. Key similarities are written in red. -birth of the NATO western European economic alliance -Soviet/eastern Europe trading alliance- Warsaw Pact -education was more accessible -mass education for the common people
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