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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 A comparison of oral and written English styles in African American students Ivy & Masterson compared rates of AAE grammatical features in spoken and written language at different points of literacy development. 3rd Graders 8th Graders Reference:Ivy, L. J. & Masterson, J. J. (2011). A comparison of oral and written English styles in African American students at different stages of writing development. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 43, 31-40. 15 15 4th graders having ator above basic writinglevel scores 90% 75% Caucasian African American 8th graders having ator above basic writinglevel scores 93% Caucasian 81% African American Methods: Spoken and written language samples were analyzed for 6 AAE morphosyntactic features. Background: Respond to interviewquestions, retell stories orallyand in writtenforms. 1. Absence of verbal -s2. Absence of plural -s3. Absence of possessive -s4. Absence of regular past tense -ed5. Absence of regular be copula6. Absence of be auxiliary 6 Features observed: Results: = Nearly equal useof dialect in speechand written modalities 3rd Graders 8th Graders Use less dialectalfeatures in speechthan in writtenmodalities < Conclusion: Research suggeststhere is a period ofwriting developmentwhen AAE speakerslearn to code switch in writing. Clinical Implications: Understand achievement gaps among minoritiesProvide explicit instruction in code switching By: E. Witting, M. Brill, L. Parra
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