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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Black History Month DOG Ashmun Institute, the first school of higher learning for young black men, founded by John Miller Dickey and his wife, Sarah Emlen Cresson;later (1866) renamed Lincoln University (Pa.) after President Abraham Lincoln Meharry Medical College, the first black medical school in the U.S., founded by the Freedman's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans., the Supreme Court rules unanimously that segregation in public schools in unconstitutional. Howard University's law school becomes the country's first black law school. Booker T. Washington founds the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama. The school became one of the leading schools of higher learning for African Americans, and stressed the practical application of knowledge. In 1896, George Washington Carver began teaching there as director of the department of agricultural research, gaining an international reputation for his agricultural advances. William Leo Hansberry teaches the first course in African civilization at an American university, at Howard University. Spelman College, the first college for black women in the U.S.,founded by Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles. Frederick Douglass Patterson establishes the United Negro College Fund to help support black colleges and black students. 1881 1854 1856 1869 1876 1837 1922 1944 1954 1957 Institute for Colored Youth founded by Richard Humphreys; later became Cheyney University. Wilberforce University, the first black school of higher learning owned and operated by African Americans,founded by the African Methodis Episcopal Church. Its president, Daniel A. Payne, became the first African American University president in the country. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends federal troops to ensure integration of the all-white Central High School in Little Rock,Ark. The Little Rock Nine were the first black students to attend the school. 1960 Black and white students form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), dedicated to working against segregation and discrimination. 1962 James Meredith is the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi; on the day he enters the university, he is escorted by U.S. marshals. 1963 Despite Governor George Wallace physically blocking their way, Vivian Malone and James Hood register for classes at the University of Alabama. 1968 San Francisco State University becomes the first four-year college to establish a black studies department. 1969 The Ford Foundation gives $1 million to Morgan State University, Howard University, and Yale University to help prepare faculty members to teach courses in African American studies.2003 2003 The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education surveyed the nation's highest-ranked research universities, the most selective liberal arts colleges, and the 50 flagship state universities to determine their levels of black faculty. Mount Holyoke College had the highest percentage of black faculty of any of the 100 colleges and universities surveyed, with 9.7%. According to the U.S. Dept. of Education, the 2007 national average was 5.4%. In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court (5-4) upholds the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action policy, ruling that race can be one of many factors considered by colleges when selecting their students because it furthers “a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body.” 2007 2008 The percentage of all 18- to 24-year-old African Americans enrolled in higher education increases to 32.6% from 21.2% in 1988.
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