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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 The Cold War: Communism vs. Capitalism Yalta Conference- A postwar plan in which Stalin(USSR), Churchill(UK), and Roosevelt(US) met at the Soviet Sea port of Yalta. In this agreement they divided Germany into zones of occupation, Germany would have to pay the USSR, and countries in eastern Europe would have free elections Potsdam Conference- Going against the Yalta agreement Stalin established communist governments in Eastern European countries. Again Stalin, Churchill, and Truman met in Potsdam Germany. Stalin decreed Capitalism cannot live in the same world as Communism. USSR and US join the United Nations- Which was created to protect UN countries from aggression. US, USSR, France, UK, and China were permanent members in the security council which could veto any security council action Truman Doctrine- Truman's support for countries that rejected communism. Churchill phrase "Iron Curtain" came to represent Europe's division into democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe Truman adopted a new policy called containment which is directed at blocking Soviet advances and the spread of communism Marshall Plan- Would provide food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe. Congress gives $12.5 billion in aid. The Berlin Airlift- USSR cut off highway, water, and rail traffic to Berlin. US and UK fly food and supplies to West Germany for 11 months until the Soviets gave up Cold War-Conflicts between the USSR and US which is a struggle in political differences carried on by little means of military action (NATO)- North Atlantic Treaty Organization which consisted of the US, Canada, and the Western European counties which was a defensive military alliance Warsaw Pact- USSR, East, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. E. Germany and W. Germany split when the Berlin wall is created in 1961 United States created a thermonuclear weapon in 1950 called the H-bomb which was 1,000 times more powerful than the A-bomb and it gained its power from fusing hydrogen atoms. USSR detonates there first H-Bomb in 1953 Brinkmanship- The willingness to go to the brink of war. This required a reliable source of airplanes and submarines to deliver Hydrogen bombs. October 4 USSR pushed sputnik with an IBCM into outer space. CIA spies on USSR with U-2 planes. However, one of them is shot down with pilot Francis Power is taken prisoner; U-2 incident Communists Take Power in China Nationalist Party- Under Jiang Jieshi, the nationalist party had an army three times larger than Mao Zedong's red army. Also U.S. sent $2 billion in aid however, this money was taken by corrupted officials. The nationalist party lacked popular support from the people and poor morale, ultimately causing the the Red army to win Communist Party- Unlike Jiang's army, Mao Zedong's red army was strong because of Mao's promise to divide land among the people. His army used guerrilla warfare and was experienced After the civil war the Nationalists fled to Taiwan and they called themselves the Republic of China. While the mainland China under Mao was named the People's republic of China. Under the Argarian reform law of 1950, Mao seized the land from the landlords and divided it up between the many peasants. They all worked to reach Mao's five year plan's quota for steel, electricity, and cement Mao's Great Leap Forward- Create 26,000 communes in which 25,000 people would live. This "Great Leap Forward" was a bad idea because it lacked formal planning and when crops didn't produce a famine killed 20 million people
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