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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Historical Development of Anesthesia José Mendoza A01021957 Jorge Aguilar Javier Rojas A01022336 Andres Goddad According to the Marriam-Webster Dictionary Anesthesia is: "medical : loss of feeling in a person's body or part of the body through the use of drugs" What is it made of?Modern anesthesia: Nitrous Oxide, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and desflurane TYPES OF ANESTHESIAThere are various forms of anesthesia. The type of anesthesia you will receive will depend on the type of surgery and your medical condition. Usually, an anesthesiologist will administer a sedative in addition to the anesthetic. Local anesthesiaLocal anesthesia is an anesthetic agent given to temporarily stop the sense of pain in a particular area of the body. A patient remains conscious during a local anesthetic. For minor surgery, a local anesthetic can be administered via injection to the site. However, when a large area needs to be numbed, or if a local anesthetic injection will not penetrate deep enough, doctors may use regional anesthetics Regional anesthesiaRegional anesthesia is used to numb only the portion of the body that will receive the surgical procedure. Usually an injection of local anesthetic is given in the area of nerves that provide feeling to that part of the body. There are several forms of regional anesthetics, two of which are described below: Spinal anesthetic. A spinal anesthetic is used for lower abdominal, pelvic, rectal, or lower extremity surgery. This type of anesthetic involves injecting a single dose of the anesthetic medication into the subarachnoid space, which surrounds the spinal cord. The injection is made into the lower back, below the end of the spinal cord, and causes numbness in the lower body. This type of anesthesia is most often used in orthopedic procedures of the lower extremities. Epidural anesthetic. The epidural anesthetic is similar to a spinal anesthetic and is commonly used for surgery of the lower limbs and during labor and childbirth. This type of anesthesia involves continually infusing an anesthetic medication through a thin catheter (hollow tube). The catheter is placed into the space that surrounds the spinal cord in the lower back (just outside the subarachnoid space), causing numbness in the lower body. Epidural anesthesia may also be used for chest or abdominal surgical procedures. In this case, the anesthetic medication is injected at a higher location in the back to numb the chest and abdominal areas. General anesthesiaGeneral anesthesia is an anesthetic used to induce unconsciousness during surgery. The medication is either inhaled through a breathing mask or tube, or administered through an intravenous line (a thin plastic tube inserted into a vein, usually in the patient's forearm). A breathing tube may be inserted into the windpipe to maintain proper breathing during surgery. Once the surgery is complete, the anesthesiologist ceases the anesthetic and the patient is taken to the recovery room for further monitoring English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered that inhalation of nitrous oxide might relieve pain. William Thomas Green Morton on October 16, 1846, he publically demonstrated the application of ether to remove tumor from the neck of his patient History of Anesthesia. (2010, February 14). Retrieved March 14, 2015, from https://explorable.com/history-of-anesthesiaTypes of Anesthesia and Your Anesthesiologist. (n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/surgical_care/types_of_anesthesia_and_your_anesthesiologist_85,P01391/(n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://images.lifescript.com/images/ebsco/images/nerve_block.jpg(n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://www.quotessays.com/images/william-thomas-green-mortons-quotes-8.jpg(n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://www.lipoadvisor.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/general-anesthesia.jpg?ea6e3c
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