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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) Etiology So far, there have been no conclusive results that showgenetic predispositions for NSSI. There is, however,mixed evidence regarding individuals with NSSI having an altered physiological reactivity. Something Interesting Some studies report reductions of physiologicaltension and physiological arousal when a patientwith NSSI imagines harming themselves. Correlations to BiologicalConditions There have been a few correlationsbetween biological conditions andself-mutilating behavior:- Certain abnormalities in the brain suchas hyperarousal in the limbic system- Low levels of essential fatty acids- Low cholesterol concentrations- Reduced cortisol secretion- Lower levels of endogenous opioids Treatment There is currently no universal pharmacological treatment for NSSI, but psychologists are working to gain a better understanding ofthe neurobiology of NSSI will lead to moreeffective treatments for the disorder.As of right now, an effective form of treatmentis to treat existing psychiatric disorders (depression,anxiety, etc.) which may be fueling the NSSI. Alternatives to Self-Injury -Draw or paint with red ink-Write-Listen to music-Spend time with friends,family, pets, etc. -Squeeze a stress ball-Rip paper or cardboard-Do breathing exercises-Take a cold or hot bath or shower -Do arts and crafts-Make noise (bang pots andpans, play an instrument, etc.-Sing-Journal How to Seek Help -Identify why you self harm and confront the problem-Open up to someone (a friend, family member, teacher, counselorreligious leader, relative, doctor, etc.) who makes you feel acceptedand supported and will not try to take control of your recovery-Call a help lifeline S.A.F.E Alternatives Information Line (US) (800)366-8288National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1(800)273-8255 Andrea L. Barrocas, Benjamin L. Hankin, Jami F. Young, and John R. Z. Abela. Rates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth: Age, Sex, and Behavioral Methods in a Community Sample. Pediatrics: Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics 130.1 (2012): 39-45. Web. 7 Mar. 2015.Claudia Rug, Marc Schmid, and Tina In-Albon. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for the DSM-5 of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Female Adolescents: Diagnostic and Clinical Correlates. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 (2013): n. pag. PDF file.Jeanne Segal and Melinda Smith. Cutting and Self-Harm. Helpguide.org. n.p, Feb. 2015. Web. 7 Mar. 2015.Raymond, Courtney M. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Movie Industrys Influence on Its Stigma. McNair Scholars Research Journal 5.1 (2012): n. pag. Web 7 Mar. 2015.Rebecca C. Groschwitz and Paul L. Plener. The Neurobiology of Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI): a Review. Suicidology Online 3:24-32 (2012): n. pag. Web. 7 Mar. 2015. Works Cited
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