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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Botulinum Neurotoxin By: Ana Wiatr & Catherine Abel Cell signaling Pathway Signal Mechanism Botulinum Toxin is a "blocking agent" that prevents therelease of certain neurotransmitters, specificallyacetylcholine, from the endings of the motor nerves. Type of ReceptorNeuronal; The botulinum toxin binds to a receptor on the surface of a neuronin order to break signaling proteins. A Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) is a varied protein and toxic substance that is produced by the anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium Botulinum, one of the most poisonous biological substances on earth. The toxin blocks the neural transmission of signals by blocking the release of acetylcholine, an extremely important neurotransmitter. Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal illness caused by nerve toxin that is mainlyproduced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Signal Transduction Pathway Botulinum toxin is composed of a heavy chain anda light chain. Theheavy chain allowsthe toxin to bind toa presynaptic receptor. When the heavy chainbinds to the receptor,the Botulinum toxin is taken into the cell viaendocytosis. Once inside, the Botulinumtoxin releases a light chainthat cleaves the proteinsthat would normally acceptacetlycholine to leave the cell. This paralysis is then permanent for this region. The neuron can then no longer releaseacetylcholine, creating paralysis in the motorsystem. 4 5 Mechanism -There are sevenantigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C1, D, E, F and G).- The most potent, Type A and B, arecommonly used in various types ofmedicines, such as Botox. 5 double click to change this header text! http://www.ourmed.org/wiki/Botulinum_Toxin http://www.tabletsmanual.com/wiki/read/botulism http://www.qiagen.com/us/products/genes%20and%20pathways/pathway%20details.aspx?pwid=285
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