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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Expected Outcome Diseases & Disorders To Be Diagnosed or Treated Equipment Post-Patient Care The Procedure Normal results show less than 20 mL of clear, colorless or pale yellow pleural fluid with noinfection, inflammation, or cancer. It is abnormalin large amounts as exudate or transulate. Then it will show the presence of cancer, heart failure, or infection. The patient sits on the edge of the chair or exam table, leans forward, and rests arm on table.Ultrasound is employed to find right location to insert needle or tube. The area of skin where the needle or tube will be inserted is cleaned and a numbing anesthetic will be injected into the chest wall and a sting sensation may result. The needle or tube is inserted between the ribs and the pleural space which may cause some discomfort or pressure. Excessive fluid is drawn out of thelungs with the needle or tube. The patient may feel chest pain or the need to cough. The doctor maytake only the amount of fluid reqired to find the cause of the pleural effusion or they may take more if there is a large amount of fluid in the pleural sac. This allows the lungs to expand and take in more air to allow the patient to breathe easier.The liquid is transported to the small vacuum bag attached to the syringe or small tube. Following the removal of the needle, a bandage is placed on the area. . Thoracentesis is performed when pleural effusion (excess fluid buildup) is present in the pleural space, causing dyspenea. It tests for lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, tumors, lunginfection, pulmonary embolism, lung infection, heart failure, and reactions to drugs such as asbestos and sarcoidosis. For preparation and anesthesia: skin antiseptic, fenestrated drape or sterile towels, 10 mL Luer-Lok syringe, 25 gauge or smaller needle, 1.5 to 2 inch, 22-gauge needle; Liplocaine 1 to 2% with Epinephrine For Insertion: Sterile glove, 50 mL Luer-Lok syringe, 3 way stopcock, 2.5 inch, 18 gauge needle for air, 2.5 inch, 15 gauge needle for fluid or 16 gauge catheter over needle; specimen funnel Optional: sterile plastic tubing, monitoring equipment, curved clamp: vacuum bottlesDressing: sterile gauze pad, adhesive tape or bandage with antibiotic ointment Pre-Patient Care Doctor may order chest x-ray and certainblood tests such as complete blood countand clotting factors. Patient must inform thedoctor of any medication they take, any allergies they have to medication such as anesthetics, if they are or might be pregnant, and of any bleeding issues they have or blood thinners they take. They will discuss concerns for risk, need for test, the process, and the significance of the results. Complications or Risks Rare liver or spleen injuries, pulmonaryedema if large amounts of fluid areremoved. There is pain, bleeding, bruising, or infection where the needle ortube is inserted, though it is rare, around the lungs, requiring surgery or chest draining. Pneumothorax can occurif the needle punctures the lung and allows air to collect in pleural space or through the needle or tube. The hole would typically seal itself but if enough air gets in, the lung will collapse, requiring the doctor to put a tube in the chest to remove air and let the lungs expand. A chest x-ray may be performed to check for lung issues while blood pressure and breathing are checked for up to a few hours following the procedure to check for complications. The doctor will advise them on when to return to normal activities such as driving, walking, or physical activity. The doctor is to immediately called if there are breathing issues once they return home.
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